The National Student Research Center
E-Journal of Student Research: Science
Volume 3, Number 2, December, 1994


The National Student Research Center is dedicated to promoting student research and the use of the scientific method in all subject areas across the curriculum especially science and math.

For more information contact:

John I. Swang, Ph.D.
Founder/Director
National Student Research Center
2024 Livingston Street
Mandeville, Louisiana 70448
U.S.A.
E-Mail: nsrcmms@communique.net
http://youth.net/nsrc/nsrc.html

THE E-DATABASE OF STUDENT RESEARCH is made possible through grants provided by the United States Department of Education, South Central Bell Telephone, American Petroleum Institute, Intertel Foundation, Springhouse Publishing Corporation, Graham Resources, Inc., Chevron Oil Company, Central Louisiana Electric Company, Louisiana State Department of Education, and National Science Foundation. Mandeville Middle School and the National Student Research Center thank these organizations for their generous support of education.




TABLE OF CONTENT

1.  Is There A Difference In Vision Between People Older and 
Younger ThanForty?  
2.  The Effects of Nicotine on Plant Growth
3.  Taste On The Tip Of The Tongue
4.  Camouflage
5.  Tangram Compositions
6.  What Is The Fastest Way To Turn On A Computer Network?
7.  What Liquids Will Turn Pennies Green?
8.  How Much Liquid Will different Fibers Absorb?
9.  What Effect Do Chemicals Have on Coleus Plants?



TITLE:   Is There A Difference In Vision Between People Older
         And Younger Than Forty?

STUDENT RESEARCHER:  John Brantl
SCHOOL:  Dawson School
         Holden, Massachusetts              
GRADE:  5 
TEACHER:  Wayne Boisselle,  M.  Ed.



I.  STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESIS:
       
I wanted to know whether people older or younger than forty had 
better vision.  My hypothesis states that people younger than 
forty will see better than people who are older than forty.

II.  METHODOLOGY:  

First, I wrote my statement of purpose.  Then I did library 
research on my topic and wrote my literature review.  Next, I 
developed my hypothesis.  Then I did my experiment.  I selected 
eight people, four under forty years old and four over forty.  
Two of the four in both groups wore glasses.  Each subject 
stood on a line twenty feet from an standard eye chart.  Each 
subject then read from the chart beginning with line six (20/50 
vision) and ending with line nine (20/20 vision) and ten (20/10 
vision).  I recorded the results of my experiment on a chart.  
When my experiment was over I analyzed my data.  Next, I 
accepted or rejected my hypothesis.  Finally, I drew my 
conclusions and applied my data to the real world.
    
III.  ANALYSIS OF DATA:

People under forty saw down to line 6 (20/50 vision), line 8 
(20/30 vision) and line 10 (20/10 vision) on the eye chart.  
People over forty saw down to line 7 (20/40 vision), line 8, 
and line 9 (20/20 vision). 

IV.  SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

Using my data I found that the person who saw the best was 
under forty.  The person who saw the second best was over 
forty.  The person who saw the worst was under forty.  The 
person who saw the second worst was over forty.  The average 
person over forty saw better than the average person under 
forty.  Therefore, I reject my hypothesis which states that 
people under forty will see better.    

V.  APPLICATION

I can use this information to lessen the worries of older 
persons that age will negatively affect their vision.



TITLE: The Effects of Nicotine on Plants

STUDENT RESEARCHER: Jeremy Donal White
SCHOOL: Dawson Elementary School
        Holden, Massachusetts  
GRADE: 5
TEACHER: Wayne A. Boisselle


I.  STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESIS:

I plan to find out whether or not nicotine has an affect on 
bean plants.  My hypothesis states that in at least one week 
the bean plant being fed nicotine will start to die.  The plant 
being fed regular water will keep on growing strong.  

II.  METHODOLOGY:

First, I wrote my statement of purpose.  I then did my 
literature review.  Next, I developed my hypothesis and 
performed my experiment.  I planted one bean seed in each of 
four pots.  Two of the pots I watered with tap water.  The 
other two pots I watered with nicotine tea (a mixture of 
cigarette tobacco and water, soaked for several hours).  I kept 
all four pots in a sunny window to keep light and temperature 
the same for each pot.  I made new nicotine tea each time I 
watered the plants, about once every four days.  I kept track 
of my data on an observation chart.  When my experiment was 
over I analyzed my data and accepted or rejected my hypothesis.  
Finally, I drew my conclusions and applied my findings to the 
real world. 

III.  ANALYSIS OF DATA:

All the plants had a spurt of growth.  The first plant using 
regular water grew much faster than the first plant on nicotine 
tea.  The second two plants grew evenly, but the one on regular 
water still grew faster. 

IV.  SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

My data collection chart shows that after about five days after 
germination, the nicotine started to stunt the growth of the 
plant, but the plant did not die.  Therefore, I reject my 
hypothesis which stated that the plant using nicotine will die 
in at least a week.

V.  APPLICATION:

Taking nicotine at a young age may stunt your growth.  



TITLE:  Taste On The Tip Of The Tongue

STUDENT RESEARCHER:  Matt Janik
SCHOOL:  Dawson School
         Holden, Massachusetts
GRADE:  5
TEACHER:  Wayne A. Boisselle


I.  STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESIS:

I want to find out if girls or boys can taste sweet, salty, 
sour, and bitter on the tip of their tongues.  My hypothesis 
states that girls will be able to taste all four tastes on the 
tip of their tongues faster than boys.    

II.   METHODOLOGY:

The first thing I wrote was my statement of purpose.  The 
second thing I wrote was my literature review.  Next, I 
developed my hypothesis and did my experiment.  I randomly 
chose three girls and three boys to perform this experiment.  I 
gave each person a sample of something sweet (sugar), something 
salty (salt), something bitter (coffee), and something sour 
(lemon juice) to put on the end of his/her tongue and timed how 
long it took for him/her to taste it.  I recorded my results on 
an observation chart.  When my experiment was over, I analyzed 
my data and  accepted or rejected my hypothesis, and drew my 
conclusions.  Finally, I applied my research to the world.

III.  ANALYSIS OF DATA:

I found out that boys can taste the sweet sensation in five 
seconds, the salty sensation in six seconds, and the sour and 
bitter sensation in seven seconds.  I found out that the girls 
can taste the sweet and sour sensations in five seconds, the 
salty sensation in nine seconds, and the bitter sensation in 
thirteen seconds.

IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

My data tells me that both girls and boys took the same amount 
of time to taste the sweet sensation.  It took the girls longer 
than the boys to taste the salty sensation.  It took the boys 
longer than the girls to taste the sour sensation.  It took the 
girls longer than the boys to taste the bitter sensation.  I 
reject my hypothesis which stated that girls would be able to 
taste all four sensations on the tips of their tongues faster 
than boys. 

VII. APPLICATION:

I could use this information to inform people that when they 
are eating something other than something sweet that they have 
to make sure that they get the food to the back of their 
tongues for faster and better tasting.



TITLE:  Camouflage

STUDENT RESEARCHER:  Rebecca Clark
SCHOOL:  Dawson School
         Holden, Massachusetts
GRADE:  5
TEACHER:  Wayne Boisselle


I.  STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESIS:

I would like to find out how many students in the fifth grade 
would be able to find toothpicks in the grass.  My hypothesis 
states that every fifth grader will be able to find at least 
one toothpick in the grass.

II.  METHODOLOGY:

First, I wrote my statement of purpose and did a literature 
review.  With this information, I developed my hypothesis.  
Next, I performed my experiment.  I  randomly chose nine 
students to help me with this experiment.  I marked off an area 
in the grass that was one meter by one meter.  I then spread 
out fifty toothpicks in that area.  Next, I had one person at a 
time try to find as many tooth picks as he could in five 
minutes.  I recorded my data on a chart.  When my experiment 
was finished, I analyzed my data.  I then accepted or rejected 
my hypothesis.  Finally, I drew my conclusions and applied my 
data to the real world.

III.  ANALYSIS OF DATA: 

My data shows how well people can see toothpicks in the grass.  
Of the nine students I tested, the most toothpicks found was 35 
out of 50 and the least found was 4 out of 50. 
 
IV.  SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

People were able to find more than one toothpick in the grass.  
Therefore, I accept my hypothesis which stated that at least 
every fifth grader will be able to find at least one toothpick 
in the grass.

V.  APPLICATION: 

My project could be used in the real world because it could 
inform scientists how well people can identify camouflaged 
objects.



TITLE:   Tangrams

STUDENT RESEARCHER: Ben Monfredo
SCHOOL: Dawson School
        Holden, Massachusetts
GRADE: 5
TEACHER: Wayne Boisselle, M. Ed.


I.  STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESIS:

I wanted to find out how many packets of tangrams, how many 
large triangles, and how many parallelograms, it will take to 
fill in ten tiles on the classroom floor.  My first hypothesis 
states that at least 128 large triangles and 256 parallelograms 
will be needed to fill in the ten square tiles.  My second 
hypothesis states that it will take at least 32 packets of 
tangrams to do the job.

II.  METHODOLOGY:

First, I wrote my statement of purpose and then I did my 
literature review. Next, I developed my hypothesis and 
performed my experiment.  I outlined an area on the floor equal 
to ten tiles.  I then proceeded to cover the area with sets of 
Tangrams.  Since I know that one set of tangrams is equal to 16 
small triangles, and a large triangle is equal to 4 small 
triangles, and a parallelogram is equal to two small triangles, 
I can just use multiplication to check my hypothesis.  When my 
experiment was completed, I counted the number of sets of 
Tangrams and also the number and kind of Tangram shape I used 
to fill in the small areas.  I then used multiplication to 
figure out the actual number.  Then I analyzed my data and 
accepted or rejected my hypothesis.  Finally, I drew my 
conclusions and applied my data to the world.
         
III.  ANALYSIS OF DATA:

It took 404 parallelograms and 202 large triangles to fill in 
ten tiles on the floor.  It took 50.5 packets of tangrams to do 
the experiment.

IV.  SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

I found out that more parallelograms fit into ten tiles than 
large triangles. The number of large triangles was at least 
128.  The number of parallelograms was at least 256.  The 
number of packets of tangrams was at least 32.  I accept both 
of my hypotheses which state that at least 128 large triangles 
and 256 parallelograms will be able to fill in 10 tiles on the 
floor in the classroom and that it will take at least 32 
packets of tangrams to do so.

V.  APPLICATION:

This information I discovered can help someone in the real 
world outside the classroom if they want to know how much area 
tangrams cover.



TITLE:  Which Is The Fastest Way To Turn On A Computer Network?

STUDENT RESEARCHER:  Allen Seitz
SCHOOL:  Dawson School
         Holden, Ma.
GRADE:  5
TEACHER:  Wayne Boisselle,  M.Ed.


I.  STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESIS:

I wanted to know the fastest way to turn on a computer network.  
My hypothesis stated that turning on the computers all at once 
will be the fastest way. 

II.  METHODOLOGY:

First, I wrote my statement of purpose and literature review.  
I then developed my hypothesis.  Next, I performed my 
experiment.  I had students sit at the each of the twelve 
computers in our networked lab.  Then I had students turn on 
the computers at least nine different ways.  I timed each 
method until the computer reached the main menu.  Some of the 
different ways I had students turn on computers were all at 
once, two at a time, three at a time, randomly, backwards, and 
three at a time.  Next, I gathered and analyzed my data.  I 
then accepted or rejected my hypothesis and drew my 
conclusions.  Finally, I applied my research to the world 
outside of the classroom. 

III.  ANALYSIS OF DATA:

Starting up the computers all at once took 2:05:88.  Randomly 
turning on the computers took 2:05:57.  Turning on the 
computers in order from the first to the last took 2:08:31.  
Working backwards in order took 2:04:41.  Turning half on then 
the other half took 2:07:30.  Turning them on two at a time 
took 1:59:08.  Turning them on three at a time took 2:12:97.  
Turning the computers on 4 at a time took 2:04:97.  

IV.  SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

Turning the computers on two at a time was the fastest way to 
turn them all on.  Starting all the computers at once took 
almost 6 seconds longer.  Therefore, I reject my hypothesis 
which stated that turning all the computers on at the same time 
will be the fastest way.

The difference between the several ways of turning on many 
computers was only a few seconds, so time wasn't a factor in 
the best way category.  Also, how hard the computer worked 
affected the speed because in some trials, one or more 
computers did not come on.  Overall, I'd say that turning on 
the first one then turning on the next one in order is the best 
way.  
    
V.  APPLICATION:

This could be useful in the sense that a lot of schools have a 
huge computer room and need more time to work there and spend 
less time starting up.



TITLE:  What Will Turn Pennies Green?

STUDENT RESEARCHER:  Elizabeth Barturen
SCHOOL:  Mandeville Middle School
         Mandeville, Louisiana
GRADE:  6
TEACHER:  Ellen Marino, M.Ed.


I. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESIS:

I wanted to do a scientific research project on whether 
vinegar, water, or lemon juice would turn pennies green.  The 
green substance is a hydrated form of copper.  My hypothesis 
stated that the vinegar would turn pennies greener than the 
lemon juice or water.

II. METHODOLOGY:

I stated my purpose, reviewed the literature, and developed my 
hypothesis.  Then I took 9 pennies and put three pennies each 
on paper towels on three saucers.  I poured 6 mm of vinegar on 
the first saucer, 6 mm of lemon juice on the second, and 6 mm 
of water on the third.  I placed them on top of a table for 5 
days.  On days 1, 3, and 5, I checked the pennies and recorded 
if there were any changes in coloration.  Then I analyzed my 
data, wrote a summary and conclusion, and applied it to the 
real world.  Finally, I published my complete report and 
abstract.

III. ANALYSIS OF DATA:

On day one, two of the pennies turned a little green in the 
vinegar, while the other ones didn't.  The pennies in the lemon 
juice and water showed no change.  After five days, there was 
visible change on the pennies soaked in vinegar and no change 
on the pennies soaked in water and lemon juice.

IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

The pennies in the vinegar turned green, while the rest of the 
pennies in the lemon juice and water showed little or no 
change.  Therefore, I accepted my hypothesis which stated that 
vinegar will turn pennies greener than lemon juice or water.

V. APPLICATION:

In the real world, I could apply my findings by keeping  
everything made of bronze or copper away from vinegar or it 
will turn green.  Lemon juice and water would be safe.   
 


TITLE:  How Much Liquid Will Different Fibers Absorb?

STUDENT AUTHOR:  Teresa Kloepfer
SCHOOL:  Mandeville Middle 
         Mandeville Louisiana
GRADE:  6
TEACHER:  Mrs. Marino, M.Ed. 


I.  Statement of Purpose and Hypothesis:

I would like to do a scientific research project on which fiber 
out of lamb's wool, cotton balls, and blended fibers (mixture 
of wool and cotton) can absorb the most water.  My hypothesis 
states that the blended fibers will absorb more water than wool 
and cotton.

II.  Methodology:

First, I stated my purpose and hypothesis and review of 
literature.  Then I took a measuring cup and put 100 
millimeters of water in it. After that, I got equal size 
samples of wool, cotton balls, and blended fibers and dipped 
each sample in the water for one second and removed it.  Then I 
measured how much water was taken from the measuring cup and 
recorded it on my data collection sheet.  I did this three 
times with each fiber.  Next, I analyzed my data, wrote my 
summary and conclusion, and I applied it to the real world.  
Finally, I published my complete report and abstract.

III.  Analysis of Data:

On all three trials, he cotton and the blended fibers both 
absorbed 25 ml of water.  The wool fibers absorbed 5 ml of 
water on all three trials.

IV.  Summary and Conclusion:

Since the blended and the cotton both absorbed the most, I 
rejected my hypothesis which stated that the blended fiber 
would absorb more than the cotton and the wool.

V.  Application:

Knowing that the cotton and the blended fibers both absorb more 
liquid than wool, I will use those fibers to wipe a big spill.  
I will share this information with my mom.     



TITLE:  What Effect Do Chemicals Have on Coleus Plants?

STUDENT RESEARCHER:  Jennifer Schlect
SCHOOL:  Mandeville Middle
	   Mandeville, Louisiana
GRADE:  6
TEACHER:  Mrs. Smith


I.  STATEMENT OF PURPOSE AND HYPOTHESIS:

I wanted to see the effect of the different chemicals on Coleus 
Plants, such as Clorox, an insecticide, and Ajax liquid soap.  
My hypothesis states that the insecticide will cause the plant 
to die, because insecticides kill bugs, so it might have some 
effect on the plants.  

II.  METHODOLOGY:

First, place four Coleus Plants in a window sill.  Then water 
the first plant with four tablespoons of water.  Next, water 
the second plant with two sprays of insecticide and dilute with 
two teaspoons of water.  Water the third plant with four 
tablespoons of Clorox and dilute it with two teaspoons of 
water.  The fourth plant is to be watered with Ajax and diluted 
with two teaspoons of water.  This is to be done for seven days 
and the plants should be watered once a day.  The materials 
needed for this project are four Coleus Plants, Clorox, water, 
insecticide, Ajax, and a table and teaspoon.  

III.  ANALYSIS OF DATA:

The results were that the Clorox did the most damage on the 
Coleus Plant.  It was almost dead.  Next, was the plant that 
was watered with diluted Ajax.  It was turning brown up the 
stem.  The third plant was watered with diluted insecticide.  
It was turning yellowish brown on the stem.  Last, my control 
plant, which was watered with four tablespoons of water, was 
healthy.  

IV.  SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

My hypothesis stated that the insecticide would cause the 
Coleus Plant to die because insecticides are used to kill bugs, 
so it might have some effect on the plant.  I reject my 
hypothesis because the insecticide didn't affect the plant 
much, but the Clorox did.  The Ajax would be right behind the 
plant that was fed Clorox because it looked worse than the 
plant that was fed insecticide.  

V.  APPLICATION:

I can apply this information in the real world outside the 
classroom when people wash their dogs in the grass with soap, 
it could harm the grass.  I would advise you to wash your 
animals in the driveway.  I also think you  should be careful 
what kind of ant killer you use because it could end up killing 
the grass.  Definitely don't use Clorox in the yard or you will 
have dead grass. 

© 1994 John I. Swang, Ph.D.